Mediterranean on the coast, continental inland. Hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters along the Riviera; cooler, snowier in the mountains.
AvoidNovember – February (cold, wet, many coastal venues closed)
| Season | Months | Temperature | What to expect |
|---|
| Spring | Mar – May | 12 – 22°C | Wildflowers, green hills, occasional rain. Ideal for hiking. |
| Summer | Jun – Aug | 25 – 33°C | Hot, sunny, busy Riviera beaches. Sea around 24 – 27°C. |
| Autumn | Sep – Oct | 16 – 26°C | Warm sea, quieter beaches, good light for photography. |
| Winter | Nov – Feb | 4 – 12°C | Mild and rainy on coast, snow inland and in the Accursed Mountains. |
Traveller tips- Pack layers if combining coast and mountains
- UV high June – August
- Sea swimming comfortable May – October
Vast country spanning subtropical north to subantarctic south. Seasons are reversed from Europe — Patagonia in their summer, wine country in autumn.
Best timeOct – April (Patagonia: Nov – Mar)
AvoidPatagonia in June – August (very cold, many trails closed)
| Season | Months | Temperature | What to expect |
|---|
| Summer (DJF) | Dec – Feb | Buenos Aires 22 – 30°C / Patagonia 8 – 20°C | Best for Patagonia trekking; humid in BA. |
| Autumn (MAM) | Mar – May | 10 – 24°C | Mendoza wine harvest, golden colours in Bariloche. |
| Winter (JJA) | Jun – Aug | BA 5 – 14°C / Andes -5 – 8°C | Ski season in the Andes; Patagonia largely closed. |
| Spring (SON) | Sep – Nov | 12 – 24°C | Mild, blooming, great shoulder season. |
Traveller tips- Pack for four seasons in Patagonia, any month
- Sun protection in the Andes is essential
- Mosquito repellent for the north and Iguazú
High-altitude continental climate. Hot dry summers, cold snowy winters, dramatic shoulder seasons.
Best timeLate May – early October
AvoidDecember – February (snow closes high passes)
| Season | Months | Temperature | What to expect |
|---|
| Spring | Apr – May | 8 – 20°C | Wildflowers, green valleys, snow lingers on peaks. |
| Summer | Jun – Aug | 20 – 32°C | Warm in Yerevan, cooler at altitude. Perfect for hiking. |
| Autumn | Sep – Oct | 10 – 22°C | Golden vineyards, harvest season, crisp light. |
| Winter | Nov – Mar | -8 – 5°C | Snow, ski touring possible at Tsaghkadzor. |
Traveller tips- UV strong at altitude even when cool
- Layers essential — temperatures swing day to night
Tropical with steady trade winds. Warm year-round, with a dry season and a wetter, more humid season.
Best timeDecember – April (dry season)
AvoidSeptember & October (peak hurricane risk, heaviest rain)
| Season | Months | Temperature | What to expect |
|---|
| Dry season | Dec – Apr | 24 – 30°C | Sunny, low humidity, sea 26 – 28°C. Peak season. |
| Wet season | Jun – Nov | 25 – 31°C | Warm, humid, short tropical showers. Surf swell builds. |
| Hurricane window | Aug – Oct | 26 – 32°C | Barbados sits east of the main belt but storms possible. |
Traveller tips- East coast windy and great for surf year-round
- Reef-safe sunscreen recommended
- Light linen is your friend
Temperate continental inland, Mediterranean influence on the Black Sea coast. Four distinct seasons.
Best timeMay – September (coast & cities); December – March (ski)
AvoidNovember (grey, transitional)
| Season | Months | Temperature | What to expect |
|---|
| Spring | Apr – May | 10 – 22°C | Blossom in the Rose Valley, cool evenings. |
| Summer | Jun – Aug | 22 – 32°C | Hot inland, fresh in the mountains, warm Black Sea. |
| Autumn | Sep – Oct | 12 – 24°C | Crisp, sunny, harvest. |
| Winter | Dec – Mar | -3 – 6°C | Reliable snow at Bansko and Borovets. |
Traveller tips- Coast and mountains have very different climates — pack accordingly
Continent-sized variety: subtropical south, temperate centre, continental north, alpine on the Tibetan plateau.
Best timeApril – May & September – October
AvoidLunar New Year period (crowds) and July – August in the south (humid, typhoons)
| Season | Months | Temperature | What to expect |
|---|
| Spring | Apr – May | 15 – 25°C | Mild and sunny across most regions. Ideal. |
| Summer | Jun – Aug | 25 – 35°C | Hot and humid in the south, monsoonal rain, typhoons coastal. |
| Autumn | Sep – Oct | 15 – 26°C | Clearest skies, comfortable temperatures. Peak travel. |
| Winter | Nov – Mar | -10 – 12°C | Cold in the north, mild in the south, snow on the Great Wall. |
Traveller tips- Air quality is best after rain or in autumn
- Carry a VPN-aware travel plan if needed
Mediterranean along the Dalmatian coast, continental inland. Long warm summers and gentle springs.
AvoidNovember – February (many islands shut down)
| Season | Months | Temperature | What to expect |
|---|
| Spring | Apr – May | 14 – 22°C | Green, fresh, quiet islands. |
| Summer | Jun – Aug | 25 – 33°C | Hot, sunny, Adriatic 24 – 27°C. Peak crowds in August. |
| Autumn | Sep – Oct | 16 – 26°C | Warm sea, vineyards in colour, ideal sailing. |
| Winter | Nov – Mar | 5 – 12°C | Mild on coast, rainy. Snow in the interior. |
Traveller tips- Bora wind can be fierce on the Adriatic in shoulder season
Desert climate. Hot and dry almost everywhere, with mild winters and cool desert nights.
AvoidJune – August inland (40°C+ in Luxor and Aswan)
| Season | Months | Temperature | What to expect |
|---|
| Winter | Nov – Feb | Cairo 10 – 20°C / Luxor 8 – 24°C | Perfect for sightseeing. Cool evenings, warm days. |
| Spring | Mar – May | 18 – 30°C | Khamsin desert winds occasional. Red Sea warming. |
| Summer | Jun – Aug | 28 – 42°C | Brutal inland; Red Sea coast tolerable with sea breeze. |
| Autumn | Sep – Oct | 22 – 32°C | Returning to comfort. Red Sea 27 – 29°C. |
Traveller tips- Cover shoulders and knees at religious sites
- Hydrate aggressively, even in winter
Cool temperate Baltic climate with long mild summers and dark snowy winters.
AvoidNovember – early March if you dislike cold and short days
| Season | Months | Temperature | What to expect |
|---|
| Summer | Jun – Aug | 16 – 24°C | Long daylight (up to 19 hrs), café terraces in full swing. |
| Autumn | Sep – Oct | 8 – 15°C | Golden forests, crisp air, ideal for old town walks. |
| Winter | Nov – Mar | -8 – 2°C | Snow, Christmas markets, sauna culture peaks. |
| Spring | Apr – May | 4 – 14°C | Thaw, returning birdlife, fresh and quiet. |
Traveller tips- Pack a windproof layer year-round
- Winter darkness is real — plan indoor culture
Classic Mediterranean: hot dry summers, mild damp winters. Islands cooled by the Meltemi wind.
Best timeMay – early October
ShoulderApril & late October
AvoidNovember – March on the islands (many ferries reduced)
| Season | Months | Temperature | What to expect |
|---|
| Spring | Apr – May | 16 – 24°C | Wildflowers, archaeological sites at their best. |
| Summer | Jun – Aug | 26 – 35°C | Hot, sunny, Aegean 24 – 26°C. Meltemi wind cools Cyclades. |
| Autumn | Sep – Oct | 18 – 28°C | Warm sea, quieter islands, golden light. |
| Winter | Nov – Mar | 8 – 16°C | Mild, rainy, snow in the mountains and northern Greece. |
Traveller tips- August is peak — book early or shift to June/September
Mediterranean south, alpine north, continental centre. Highly regional climate.
Best timeApril – June & September – October
AvoidAugust in cities (hot, locals leave); January – February if not skiing
| Season | Months | Temperature | What to expect |
|---|
| Spring | Apr – Jun | 15 – 25°C | Best balance of weather and crowds. Tuscany glorious. |
| Summer | Jul – Aug | 25 – 35°C | Hot, especially Rome and the south. Coast is the answer. |
| Autumn | Sep – Oct | 16 – 26°C | Harvest, truffles, golden vineyards. |
| Winter | Nov – Mar | 3 – 12°C | Cool and atmospheric in cities, snow in the Alps and Dolomites. |
Traveller tips- Dress modestly for churches year-round
Four very distinct seasons. Humid summers, crisp autumns, snowy winters in the north, mild springs famous for cherry blossom.
Best timeLate March – May (sakura) & October – November (foliage)
ShoulderEarly March & early December
AvoidMid-June – mid-July (tsuyu rainy season) and August (humid + typhoons)
| Season | Months | Temperature | What to expect |
|---|
| Spring | Mar – May | 10 – 22°C | Cherry blossom from late March (Kyoto) to early May (Hokkaido). |
| Summer | Jun – Aug | 25 – 34°C, very humid | Rainy season then heat. Hokkaido is the cool exception. |
| Autumn | Sep – Nov | 15 – 25°C | Clear skies, koyo foliage, arguably the perfect time. |
| Winter | Dec – Feb | 0 – 10°C (Tokyo) / -5°C (Hokkaido) | World-class powder skiing, onsen weather. |
Traveller tips- Carry a small towel in summer — humidity is intense
- Book sakura trips a year ahead
Cool temperate, similar to Estonia. Mild summers and cold snowy winters.
AvoidNovember – February if you dislike cold
| Season | Months | Temperature | What to expect |
|---|
| Summer | Jun – Aug | 16 – 24°C | Long days, warm Baltic beaches at Nida and Palanga. |
| Autumn | Sep – Oct | 8 – 16°C | Vibrant forests, mushroom season. |
| Winter | Nov – Mar | -7 – 2°C | Snowy, atmospheric old town. |
| Spring | Apr – May | 5 – 15°C | Fresh and quiet, returning storks. |
Traveller tips- Pack a warm waterproof — Baltic weather turns quickly
Mediterranean coast, hot semi-arid interior, alpine in the Atlas, true desert in the Sahara.
Best timeMarch – May & September – November
ShoulderFebruary & December
AvoidJuly – August in Marrakech and the desert (40°C+)
| Season | Months | Temperature | What to expect |
|---|
| Spring | Mar – May | 16 – 28°C | Almond blossom, green Atlas, comfortable Marrakech. |
| Summer | Jun – Aug | 28 – 42°C inland | Coast (Essaouira) stays cool and breezy. |
| Autumn | Sep – Nov | 18 – 30°C | Warm days, cool desert nights — best for Sahara. |
| Winter | Dec – Feb | 8 – 20°C days, near freezing in desert nights | Snow on the High Atlas, mild Marrakech. |
Traveller tips- Desert nights are cold year-round — bring a fleece
- Modest dress eases interactions outside resorts
Three climates: arid coast, alpine Andes, tropical Amazon. Two main seasons — dry and wet.
Best timeMay – September (dry season in the Andes & Amazon)
AvoidJanuary – March on the Inca Trail (closed February for maintenance)
| Season | Months | Temperature | What to expect |
|---|
| Dry season | May – Sep | Cusco 0 – 19°C / Lima 14 – 19°C | Clear Andean skies, cold nights, prime trekking. |
| Wet season | Oct – Apr | Cusco 6 – 20°C | Green landscapes, afternoon downpours, fewer crowds. |
| Lima coast | Year-round | 14 – 26°C | Garúa fog Jun – Nov, sunny Dec – Apr. |
| Amazon | Year-round | 22 – 32°C, humid | Wet season raises rivers — better for boat travel. |
Traveller tips- Acclimatise in Cusco for 2 days before any trek
- Layers and a waterproof are essential at altitude
Mild Atlantic climate. Warm dry summers, mild wet winters. Madeira and the Azores are subtropical year-round.
AvoidNovember – February (rainy) unless heading to Madeira
| Season | Months | Temperature | What to expect |
|---|
| Spring | Apr – May | 14 – 22°C | Wildflowers, perfect surf season on the west coast. |
| Summer | Jun – Aug | 22 – 32°C | Hot Algarve, fresh Atlantic breeze. Sea 18 – 22°C. |
| Autumn | Sep – Oct | 16 – 26°C | Warm sea, harvest in the Douro. |
| Winter | Nov – Mar | 8 – 16°C | Mild and rainy. Big-wave surf at Nazaré. |
Traveller tips- Atlantic is cold — wetsuit needed for surfing year-round
Alpine, continental and Mediterranean — all within a small country. Four real seasons.
AvoidNovember (grey and wet) unless heading early to ski
| Season | Months | Temperature | What to expect |
|---|
| Spring | Apr – May | 10 – 20°C | Green valleys, blooming Bled, fresh rivers. |
| Summer | Jun – Aug | 22 – 30°C | Warm lakes, hiking, brief Adriatic coast. |
| Autumn | Sep – Oct | 12 – 22°C | Spectacular foliage in the Julian Alps. |
| Winter | Dec – Mar | -3 – 5°C | Snow at Kranjska Gora and Vogel ski resorts. |
Traveller tips- Weather changes fast in the Julian Alps — check forecasts daily
Mediterranean coast, continental centre, oceanic north, subtropical Canary Islands.
Best timeApril – June & September – October
AvoidMadrid and the south in July – August (40°C+)
| Season | Months | Temperature | What to expect |
|---|
| Spring | Apr – Jun | 16 – 26°C | Andalusian patios in bloom, perfect across the mainland. |
| Summer | Jul – Aug | 28 – 38°C | Coast packed, interior scorching. Northern coast cool. |
| Autumn | Sep – Oct | 18 – 28°C | Warm sea, grape harvest, golden light. |
| Winter | Nov – Mar | 8 – 16°C | Mild south, snowy Sierras, year-round Canary Islands 18 – 24°C. |
Traveller tips- Lunch is late — restaurants quiet before 2pm
Tropical island with two monsoons that hit different coasts at different times — you can almost always find sun somewhere.
Best timeDecember – March (south & west); May – September (east coast)
ShoulderApril & October (inter-monsoon)
AvoidSouth-west coast May – September; east coast November – February
| Season | Months | Temperature | What to expect |
|---|
| South & West | Dec – Mar (dry) | 25 – 32°C | Galle, Mirissa, Bentota at their best. Sea 27 – 29°C. |
| East coast | May – Sep (dry) | 26 – 33°C | Arugam Bay surf season, Trincomalee beaches. |
| Hill country | Year-round | Ella & Nuwara Eliya 12 – 22°C | Cool, misty mornings, occasional rain anytime. |
| Cultural Triangle | Year-round | 24 – 33°C | Driest Jan – Apr. Hot and humid most of the year. |
Traveller tips- Mosquito repellent essential
- Pack a light raincoat — tropical showers anytime
Tropical year-round. Two seasons — dry (north-east monsoon) and wet (south-west monsoon).
Best timeDecember – April (dry season)
AvoidJune – August (wettest, windiest, lower visibility for diving)
| Season | Months | Temperature | What to expect |
|---|
| Dry season | Dec – Apr | 26 – 31°C | Sunny, calm seas, 30m+ visibility for diving. Peak rates. |
| Wet season | May – Nov | 26 – 30°C | Warm rain showers, surf swells, lower prices, lush atolls. |
| Manta & whale shark | May – Nov (Baa) / Dec – Apr (Ari) | 28 – 30°C sea | Plankton movements drive the megafauna. |
Traveller tips- UV is extreme — reef-safe SPF 50+ is essential
- Sea temperature is bath-warm year-round
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